Moof’s Medical Biochemistry Video Course: https://moof-university.thinkific.com/courses/medical-biochemistry-for-usmle-step-1-exam

For Related Practice Problems with Worked Video Solutions on Carbohydrates, visit courses.moofuniversity.com.

In this video, I depict and describe some key disaccharides and polysaccharides that any and every biochemistry student should be familiar with.

Maltose is a disaccharide with two glucose molecules connected by an alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond. Maltose is a reducing sugar because it has a free anomeric OH group.
Lactose is a disaccharide with a galactose and a glucose connected by a beta-1,4-glycosidic bond. Lactose is a reducing sugar because it has a free anomeric OH group.
Sucrose is a disaccharide with a glucose and a fructose connected by an alpha,beta-1,2-glycosidic bond. Sucrose is not a reducing sugar because it does not have a free anomeric OH group.

Cellulose is a polysaccharide with a bunch of glucose molecules connected by beta-1,4-linkages.
Starch and glycogen are both polysaccharides with a bunch of glucose molecules connected by alpha-1,4-linkages. Glycogen is more highly branched.

Humans have the enzyme to digest alpha-1,4-linkages, not beta-1,4-linkages. That’s why we can digest starch and glycogen, but not cellulose.

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