[Latin Name] Allium sativum L.

[Plant Source] from China

[Appearance] Off-white to light yellow  Powder

Plant Part Used:Fruit

[Particle size] 80 Mesh

[Loss on drying] ≤5.0%

[Heavy Metal] ≤10PPM

[Storage] Store in cool & dry area, keep away from the direct light and heat.

[Shelf life] 24 Months

[Package] Packed in paper-drums and two plastic-bags inside.

[Net weight] 25kgs/drum

Main function:

1.Wide-spectrum antibiotic, bacteriostasis and sterilization.

2.Clearing away heat and toxic material, activating blood and dissolving stasis.

3.Lowering blood pressure and blood-fat

4.Protecting brain cell.Resisting tumor

5.Enhancing human immunity and delaying aging.

Applications:

1. Applied in pharmaceutical field, it is mainly used in treating eumycete and bacterial infection, gastroenteritis and Cardiovascular Disease.

2. Applied in health product field, it is usually made into capsule to lower blood pressure and blood-fat and delay senility.

3. Applied in food field, it is mainly used for natural flavour enhancer and widely used in biscuit, bread, meat products and etc.

4. Applied in feed additive field, it is mainly used in feed additive for developing the poultry, livestock and fishes against the disease and promoting growning and improving the flavor of egg and meat.

5. Applied in veterinary field, it is mainly used to inhibit the reproduction of colon bacillus, salmonella and etc. It also can treat respiratory infection and disease of digestive tract of poultry and livestock.

Moof’s Medical Biochemistry Video Course: https://moof-university.thinkific.com/courses/medical-biochemistry-for-usmle-step-1-exam

Questions Answered in This Video:

- What are lipids? How are lipids defined?
- Are lipids fats?
- How can lipids be classified? What are the different types or classes of lipids?
- What are the different functions of lipids?
- How do lipids relate or different from the other classes of macromolecules?
- What are the monomers and polymers of lipids?

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Video Content Summary:

In this video, I begin the introduction to lipids, what they are, what kinds there are, and what their functions are.

A common misconception is that lipids are fats. Though fats are lipids, not all lipids are fats. Lipids are defined, essentially, as molecules that are mostly nonpolar or hydrophobic, and, thus, insoluble in water, at least for the most part. Many lipids, however, are amphipathic or amphiphilic because they have some hydrophobic (nonpolar) and some hydrophilic (polar) portions.

The functions of lipids vary widely. Some lipids can store energy and/or be used as fuel. Some make up membranes and are known as membrane lipids. Some can act as hormones, and hormones are signaling molecules. Others are key nutrients, as some vitamins are lipids, though that’s not discussed much in this video or the rest of the videos in this series.

Lipids are set apart from the other classes of macromolecules – carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids – because they do not have monomers or polymers in the way that the other three do. Carbohydrate monomers are monosaccharides, and their polymers are polysaccharides. For proteins, the monomers are amino acids, and the polymers are polypeptides, which can fold and become functional proteins. Nucleic acids have nucleotide monomers, and polynucleotide polymers, which are simply called nucleic acids. With lipids, this set-up isn’t the case. There aren’t any monomeric or polymeric units. This is something that is seen when discussing the specific structures of other lipids in the other videos of this lipid series.

The lipids mentioned in this video are 1) free fatty acids 2) triacylglycerols or triglycerides 3) phospholipids 4) sphingolipid 5) glycolipids 6) steroids. Free fatty acids are the simplest lipid, and they are used for fuel, as they can be broken down for energy via beta oxidation, or they can be created via fatty acid synthesis. Triacylglycerols or triglycerides are two names for the same thing, and they are used for fuel storage — they are a key storage form of energy in cells. Phospholipids, sphingolipids, and glycolipids are all membrane lipids because they all show up are membrane components. Phospholipids have phosphate groups, sphingolipids, have a sphingosine backbone, and glycolipids have sugar moieties attached to them. Steroids, finally, are important in membranes and as hormones or signaling molecules.

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