[Latin Name]  Citrus aurantium L.

[Specification] Synephrine 4.0%–80%

[Appearance] Yellow brown powder

Plant Part Used: Fruit

[Particle size] 80Mesh

[Loss on drying] ≤5.0%

[Heavy Metal] ≤10PPM

[Storage] Store in cool & dry area, keep away from the direct light and heat.

[Shelf life] 24 Months

[Package] Packed in paper-drums and two plastic-bags inside.

[Net weight] 25kgs/drum

[What is Citrus Aurantium]

Citrus aurantium L, belonging to the family Rutaceae, is widely distributed in China. Zhishi, the Chinese traditional name for Citrus aurantium, has long been a folk medicine in traditional Chinese medicine (TCMto improve indigestion and help stimulate the Qi (energy force).

[Function]

1. Have the function of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, vasoprotective and anticarcinogenic and cholesterol lowering actions.

2. Have the function of inhibiting following enzymes: Phospholipase A2, lipoxygenase, HMG-CoA reductase and cyclo-oxygenase.

3. Have the function of improving the health of capillaries by reducing the capillary permeability.

4. Have the function of reducing hay fever and other allergic conditions by inhibiting the release of histamine from mast cells. The possible activity of hesperidin could be explained by the inhibition of polyamine synthesis. (bitter orange extract)

1. Contact me at kgahern@davincipress.com / Friend me on Facebook (kevin.g.ahern)
2. Download my free biochemistry book at https://biochem.science.oregonstate.edu/biochemistry-free-and-easy
3. Take my free iTunes U course at https://itunes.apple.com/us/course/biochemistry/id556410409
4. Check out my free book for pre-meds at https://biochem.science.oregonstate.edu/biochemistry-free-and-easy
5. Lecturio videos for medical students – https://www.lecturio.com/medical-courses/biochemistry.course
6. Course video channel at https://www.youtube.com/user/oharow/videos?view=1
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Carbohydrates Lecture II Highlights
1.Linking together of more than one sugar residues creates higher order saccharides – disaccharides, trisaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
2. Most of the linkages in higher order saccharides involve glycosidic bonds.
3. Disaccharides include sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
4. Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar, whereas lactose is a reducing sugar.
5. Oligosaccharides are components of glycoproteins.
6. The most common polysaccharides include glycogen, cellulose, starch, chitin.
7. Polysaccharides can be homopolymers or heteropolymers. Homopolymers include glycogen, cellulose, amylose, amylopectin, and chitin.
8. Glycogen is an animal energy storage polysaccharide, amylopectin and amylose combine to form starch, which is a plant energy storage polysaccharide, cellulose is a plant structural polysaccharide, and chitin is a component of insect exoskeletons.
9. The enzyme cellulase is required to digest the beta 1-4 bonds of cellulose. Ruminants and ungulates contain the bacterium that makes that enzyme.
10. Glycosaminoglycans are polysaccharides that contain either N-acetylgalactosamine or N-acetylglucosamine. They are polyanionic and have interesting chemical properties. Examples include chondroitin sulfates and keratan sulfates of connective tissue, dermatan sulfates, heparin, hyaluronic acid, and others.
11. Proteoglycans are complexes of proteins and glycosaminoglycans that form feathery structures.
12. Glycoproteins consist of a protein linked to an oligosaccharide, usually via an ‘N’ or an ‘O’ linkage. N linkages occur through asparagine of the protein. O linkages occur across serine or threonine of the protein.
13. Oligosaccharides on proteins and lipids have functions in cellular identity and can be recognized and bound by immunoglobulins.
14. Oligosaccharides on the surface of cells help give them their identity. A,B, and O blood group antigens give rise to the various blood types and these arise from carbohydrates on their cell surfaces.
15. Transplanted organs suffer rejection when the new organ has a different oligosaccharide pattern than the organ the recipient originally had. This encourages the immune system to attack it as foreign.
16. All N-linked glycoproteins have the same core of five carbohydrate residues.
17. N-linked glycoproteins have glycosylation (addition of carbohydrate residues) occurring in the endoplamic reticulum and Golgi complex of the cell. O-linked glycoproteins have glycosylation occuring only in the Golgi complex.
18. Movement of modified proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex allows for additional carbohydrate modifications to occur, followed by targeting to 1) the cell membrane, 2) release from the cell, or 3) the lysosome.
19. Two terms that you should be aware of are Haworth structures and Fischer projections. Haworth structures refer to the ring forms of sugars. The straight chain forms are referred to as Fischer projections.
20. Oligosaccharides destined to be linked to proteins to make glycoproteins are “built” on dolichol phosphate on the outer portion of the endoplasmic reticulum and then this “flips” to the inside for attachment.
21. Specific carbohydrate residues on the surface glycoproteins of blood cells are binding targets for hemagluttanin proteins on the surface of flu viruses. To exit a cell, the virus must cleave the sialic acid off with a neuraminidase enzyme. Anti-flu drugs like tamiflu act by inhibiting the action of the neuraminidase.

Signaling Highlights
1. Signaling is essential for cells in multicellular organisms to communicate with each other.
2. To do so, cells use first messengers (usually hormones), such as epinephrine (adrenalin), insulin, or epidermal growth factor.
3. Upon binding to a specific receptor on a target cell, the first messenger elicits a response that results in production of a second messenger inside of the target cell. Second messengers include cAMP, cGMP, calcium, diacylglycerol, PIP3, and others.

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Natural Male Enhancement – These 3 Guys All Grew Hear Their Stories

I’m sharing three real-life stories today of guys who have grown because of the stem cell method of getting bigger.

These aren’t extraordinary men. They’re normal guys, like you and me.

And their stories aren’t unique among guys who have grown bigger. They’re ordinary stories from men who understand that stem cell growth will cause long-term growth…

The results speak for themselves. And perhaps you’d like to have a story similar to one of these.

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Nathan, 39
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‘I got divorced and knew something needed to change. I’d been stuck in a loveless marriage for years, but who was going to take me? I mean, I didn’t have much to offer, being overweight, balding and hardly a Don Juan in the bedroom!

‘I’ve always been on the small side and it’s bothered me since I was a teenager. Being 4.5 is hardly something to gloat about, and women obviously felt the same.

‘So I settled for a moderately attractive, moderately overweight girl who I made a trade with. You accept me with all my faults and drawbacks, and I’ll accept you with all of yours. And so a marriage was made and we settled into a life of little excitement.

‘Then she cheated on me with my drinking buddy and brother-in-law and I was out on my ass. I hadn’t flirted with a woman in over 14 years and I had the confidence of a death row inmate. I thought I’d be doomed.

‘Stem cell growth is the thing that enabled me to believe in myself, get hotter women, keep them interested after sex and overall made me a happier person. I am now above average at about 7.75 (inches).

‘Life is sweet these days and I have settled for a woman I’m far more attracted to, without having to compromise.’

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Gene, 25
=========================

‘All guys want to do at my age is screw. I’m a red-blooded guy and screwing is something I think about.

‘I got a bad reputation for screwing and it tampered with my screwing and it tampered with my mind, so I had to do something about it.

‘A quick search online led me to finding out about this ‘Remedy’, and boy am I glad it did…

‘I moved away from town and into the big city recently, leaving my ‘small man’ reputation behind (thank God!) and opening my eyes to the reality of having a big thing in the big, wide world.

‘Girls are going crazy for me because I finally got that porno package.’

=========================
Edward, 68
=========================

‘Tom Candow is a genius for bringing the Remedy to the world. I grew up with testosterone deficiency in post-war America.

‘Everyone was happy where I lived. Yet I found out I had a problem when I was about 9. I was changing in the local pool and I noticed that all the other kids were way bigger than I was…

‘From that day, I realized I was different. I drew back, never being seen changing. And romantically, later on, I avoided sexual contact. In fact, I was a virgin until I was 24. In the swinging ’60’s that was a quite something.

‘And for decades I’ve shelled out money trying to get the problem fixed. Some things added a quarter inch or so. But when you start so small, such gains don’t exactly cause a rush of women.

‘I’ve been a bachelor for the longest time two. I was married for a few years a long time ago, but I vowed to lay off the women until they’d stop dreaming of being with other men.

‘My vow didn’t change until last year when out sprouted 3 & 1/2 inches. Now this doesn’t make me special or unique.

‘It has done something far greater than that. It’s made me ordinary. I’m just like every other man!!!

‘I’m proud to say that I’m average, instead of being a spectacle.

‘Going from clinically micro, to clinically average has filled me with joy. It’s a revelation.’

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YOU?
=========================

I don’t know your story. I don’t know what size you are, or what size you want to be. It’s up to you to fill in the blanks.

What I do know is if you want a happy ending, this is the best place to begin:
———————-
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