[Latin Name] Valerian Officinalis I.

[Specification] Velerenic acid 0.8% HPLC

[Appearance] Brown powder

Plant Part Used: Root

[Particle size] 80Mesh

[Loss on drying] ≤5.0%

[Heavy Metal] ≤10PPM

[Storage] Store in cool & dry area, keep away from the direct light and heat.

[Shelf life] 24 Months

[Package] Packed in paper-drums and two plastic-bags inside.

[Net weight] 25kgs/drum

[What is Valerian?]

Valerian root (valeriana officinalis) is derived from a plant native to Europe and Asia. The root of this plant has been used for thousands of years as a remedy for various ailments including sleep problems, digestive problems, and disorders of the nervous system, headaches, and arthritis. It is believed that valerian root has an impact on the availability of the neurotransmitter GABA in the brain.

[Function]

1. Beneficial for insomnia
2. FOR ANXIETY
3. AS A SEDATIVE
4. FOR OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)
5. FOR DIGESTIVE PROBLEMS
6. FOR MIGRAINE FEADACHES
7. FOR HYPERACTIVITY AND FOCUS IN CHILDREN

It’s pumpkin season! Whether you choose to carve a pumpkin for the seeds, or buy a packet of seeds at the store, they are a great learning tool to use in the classroom.

Simply dye them as you would Easter eggs, and get started! Learn how to use seeds for classroom reward jars, a spelling activity and for math and graphing!

Moof’s Medical Biochemistry Video Course: https://moof-university.thinkific.com/courses/medical-biochemistry-for-usmle-step-1-exam

Questions Answered in This Video:

- What are lipids? How are lipids defined?
- Are lipids fats?
- How can lipids be classified? What are the different types or classes of lipids?
- What are the different functions of lipids?
- How do lipids relate or different from the other classes of macromolecules?
- What are the monomers and polymers of lipids?

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Video Content Summary:

In this video, I begin the introduction to lipids, what they are, what kinds there are, and what their functions are.

A common misconception is that lipids are fats. Though fats are lipids, not all lipids are fats. Lipids are defined, essentially, as molecules that are mostly nonpolar or hydrophobic, and, thus, insoluble in water, at least for the most part. Many lipids, however, are amphipathic or amphiphilic because they have some hydrophobic (nonpolar) and some hydrophilic (polar) portions.

The functions of lipids vary widely. Some lipids can store energy and/or be used as fuel. Some make up membranes and are known as membrane lipids. Some can act as hormones, and hormones are signaling molecules. Others are key nutrients, as some vitamins are lipids, though that’s not discussed much in this video or the rest of the videos in this series.

Lipids are set apart from the other classes of macromolecules – carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids – because they do not have monomers or polymers in the way that the other three do. Carbohydrate monomers are monosaccharides, and their polymers are polysaccharides. For proteins, the monomers are amino acids, and the polymers are polypeptides, which can fold and become functional proteins. Nucleic acids have nucleotide monomers, and polynucleotide polymers, which are simply called nucleic acids. With lipids, this set-up isn’t the case. There aren’t any monomeric or polymeric units. This is something that is seen when discussing the specific structures of other lipids in the other videos of this lipid series.

The lipids mentioned in this video are 1) free fatty acids 2) triacylglycerols or triglycerides 3) phospholipids 4) sphingolipid 5) glycolipids 6) steroids. Free fatty acids are the simplest lipid, and they are used for fuel, as they can be broken down for energy via beta oxidation, or they can be created via fatty acid synthesis. Triacylglycerols or triglycerides are two names for the same thing, and they are used for fuel storage — they are a key storage form of energy in cells. Phospholipids, sphingolipids, and glycolipids are all membrane lipids because they all show up are membrane components. Phospholipids have phosphate groups, sphingolipids, have a sphingosine backbone, and glycolipids have sugar moieties attached to them. Steroids, finally, are important in membranes and as hormones or signaling molecules.