[Latin Name]  Pinus pinaster.

[Specification] OPC ≥ 95%

[Appearance] Red brown fine powder

Plant Part Used: Bark

[Particle size] 80Mesh

[Loss on drying] ≤5.0%

[Heavy Metal] ≤10PPM

[Storage] Store in cool & dry area, keep away from the direct light and heat.

[Shelf life] 24 Months

[Package] Packed in paper-drums and two plastic-bags inside.

[Net weight] 25kgs/drum

[What is Pine bark?]

Pine bark, botanical name Pinus pinaster, is a maritime pine native to southwest France that also grows in countries along the western Mediterranean.  Pine bark contains a number of beneficial compounds that are extracted from the bark in a way that doesn’t destroy or damage the tree.

[How does it work?]

What gives pine bark extract its notoriety as a powerful ingredient and super antioxidant is that it’s loaded with oligomeric proanthocyanidin compounds, OPCs for short. The same ingredient can be found in grape seeds, the skin of peanuts and witch hazel bark. But what makes this miracle ingredient so amazing?

While OPCs found in this extract are mostly known for their antioxidant-producing benefits, these amazing compounds exude antibacterial, antiviral, anticarcinogenic, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. Pine bark extract can help reduce muscle soreness and may help improve conditions relating to poor circulation, high blood pressure, osteoarthritis, diabetes, ADHD, female reproductive issues, skin, erectile dysfunction, eye disease and sports stamina.

Seems like it must be pretty amazing, but let’s look closer. The list goes on a bit further, as the OPCs in this extract may “inhibit lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation, capillary permeability and fragility, and to affect enzyme systems,” which basically means it may be a natural treatment for many serious health conditions, such as stroke and heart disease.

[Function]

1. Lowers Glucose Levels, Improving Diabetic Symptoms
2. Helps Prevent Hearing Loss and Balance
3. Staves Off Infections
4. Protects the Skin from Ultraviolet Exposure
5. Decreases Erectile Dysfunction
6. Reduces Inflammation
7.  Helps Increase Athletic Performance

Moof’s Medical Biochemistry Video Course: https://moof-university.thinkific.com/courses/medical-biochemistry-for-usmle-step-1-exam

For Related Practice Problems with Worked Video Solutions on Carbohydrates, visit courses.moofuniversity.com.

In this video, I introduce the topic of carbohydrates / sugars.

(CH2O)n is the general formula for a monosaccharide or simple sugar. Glucose (C6H12O6) is a very common and very important example.

Carbohydrate names end in “-ose”
Aldoses have aldehydes in their straight-chain forms (depicted as Fischer projections)
Ketones have ketones in their straight-chain forms (depicted as Fischer projections)

There are D sugars and L sugars, and the convention is based on the Fischer projections of D-glyceraldehyde and L-glyceraldehyde. The two are enantiomers because they are opposite in absolute configuration at all of their chiral centers (which, in this case, is only one). D-glyceraldehyde has an OH on the right, while L-glyceraldehyde has an OH on the left. Sugars that have their last OH on the right are D sugars; sugars that have their last OH are L sugars. Most sugars that exist in life forms are D sugars.

In the video, I depict the difference between Fischer projections (straight chain sugars) and Haworth projections (sugars in their ring forms). I also briefly mention the idea of anomers as a class of epimers, which are a specific class of diastereomers.

Diastereomers are stereoisomers that differ in at least one, but not all chiral centers.
Epimers are stereoisomers that differ at only one chiral center (they are a subclass of diastereomers).
Anomers are stereoisomers that differ at only one chiral center when that chiral center is specifically the anomeric carbon, the stereocenter that forms when a sugar forms a ring. Anomers are a subclass of epimers.

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