[Latin Name] Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.)Nees

[Plant Source] Whole herb

[Specification] Andrographolides 10%-98% HPLC

[Appearance] White powder

Plant Part Used: Herb

[Particle size] 80Mesh

[Loss on drying] ≤5.0%

[Heavy Metal] ≤10PPM

[Storage] Store in cool & dry area, keep away from the direct light and heat.

[Shelf life] 24 Months

[Package] Packed in paper-drums and two plastic-bags inside.

[Net weight] 25kgs/drum

[What is Andrographis?]

Andrographis paniculata is a bitter tasting annual plant, referred to as the “King of Bitters.” It has white-purple flowers and it is native to Asia and India where it has been valued for centuries for its numerous medicinal benefits. Over the past decade, andrographis has become popular in America where it is often used alone and in combination with other herbs for a variety of health purposes.

[How does it work?]

According to Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, the active ingredient in andrographis is andrographolides. Due to the andrographolides, andrographis has potent anti-inflammatory and antimalarial properties. It also has antimicrobial properties, meaning it can help to fight off and prevent infections from harmful microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria and fungi. In addition, andrographis is a powerful antioxidant and it can help to prevent free radical induced damage to your cells and DNA

[Function]

Cold and Flu

Scientists have discovered that andrographis helps to boost the immune system by stimulating the body’s production of antibodies and macrophages, which are large white blood cells that scavenge harmful microorganisms. It is taken for both the prevention and treatment of the common cold, and it is often referred to as Indian echinacea. It might help lessen the severity of cold symptoms such as sleeplessness, fever, nasal drainage and sore throat.

Cancer, Viral Infections and Heart Health

Andrographis may also help to prevent and treat cancer, and preliminary studies done in test tubes found that extracts of andrographis help to treat stomach, skin, prostate and breast cancer. Due to the herb’s antiviral properties, andrographis is used to treat herpes and it is also currently being studied as a treatment for Aids and HIV as well. Andrographis also promotes heart health and can help to prevent the formation of blood clots as well as to dissolve already formed blood clots. In addition, the herb relaxes smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels and thereby helps to reduce high blood pressure.

Additional Benefits

Andrographis is used to promote gallbladder and digestive health. It also helps to support and strengthen the liver and it is used in combination with other herbs in several Ayurvedic formulations to treat liver disorders. Finally, andrographis extracts taken orally have been found to help neutralize the poisonous effects of snake venom.

Dosage and Precautions

The therapeutic dose of andrographis is 400 mg, twice daily, for up to 10 days. Although andrographis is considered safe in humans, the NYU Langone Medical Center warns that animal studies suggest that it may impair fertility. Andrographis may cause unwanted side effects such as headaches, fatigue, allergic reactions, nausea, diarrhea, altered taste and pain in the lymph nodes. It may also interact with certain medications and as with any supplement you should consult your health care practitioner before taking the herb.

Useful for CBSE, ICSE, NCERT & International Students
Grade 12
Subject: Chemistry
Lesson : Biomolecules
Topic: Polysaccharide
Carbohydrates are classified on the basis of their behaviour on hydrolysis. They have been broadly divided into following three groups.
(i) Monosaccharides: A carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolysed further to give simpler unit of polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone is called a monosaccharide. About 20 monosaccharides are known to occur in nature. Some common examples are glucose, fructose, ribose, etc.
(ii) Oligosaccharides: Carbohydrates that yield two to ten monosaccharide units, on hydrolysis, are called oligosaccharides. They are further classified as disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, etc., depending upon the number of monosaccharides, they provide on hydrolysis. Amongst these the most common are disaccharides. The two monosaccharide units obtained on hydrolysis of a disaccharide may be same or different. For example, sucrose on hydrolysis gives one molecule each of glucose and fructose whereas maltose gives two molecules of glucose only.
(iii) Polysaccharides: Carbohydrates which yield a large number of monosaccharide units on hydrolysis are called polysaccharides. Some common examples are starch, cellulose, glycogen, gums, etc. Polysaccharides are not sweet in taste, hence they are also called non-sugars.

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Belgian biochemist Christian de Duve (1917-2013) was best known for his work on understanding and categorising subcellular organelles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 for his joint discovery of lysosomes, the subcellular organelles that digest macromolecules and deal with ingested bacteria. [Listener: Peter Newmark]

TRANSCRIPT: And so, a year later, another patient with the disease was detected at the University of Brussels and Pierre Baudhuin in our laboratory did a microscopic… electron microscopic examination on the biopsy fragment of the liver of that child because, by that time, we had acquired an electron microscope and Baudhuin and Beaufay were the main experts and so they found that, indeed, the glycogen, or much of the glycogen in this pathological sample, was surrounded by a membrane, was confined within a sac-like particle which, presumably, was a lysosome, and this indeed turned out to be the case. And so, in this way, he discovered the first lysosomal storage disease which he then went on to generalise into a major concept, the concept of an inborn lysosomal disease being that in the cells all kinds of materials – lipids, polysaccharides, you name it, they are there – get into lysosomes, sometimes by endocytosis but most of the time by autophagy. Those materials are then digested in the lysosomes by… 50 or more enzymes are now known… broken down… the products of the breakdown… the breakdown products go through the membrane, are utilised by the cell, and this goes on and on and on. But if one of those enzymes happens to be missing or deficient then among all this material, those molecules that require the missing enzyme to be broken down, would accumulate. And so, depending on the nature of the missing enzyme, you would have a different kind of chemical material accumulating, always in the lysosomes. Now, that was a tremendously fruitful concept – it was a paper published in Gastroenterology in 1965 –and it has a major impact on the whole field because, for a number of… many years the whole category of diseases was known; they were called storage diseases, they were genetic diseases – in French they were called thesaurismoses… thesaurismosis, essentially due to their abnormal storage of materials within cells, and those could be mucopolysaccharides of one form or another… in Hurler or Hunter Disease, could be lipids of one form or another; or another, glucocerebrosides, glycolipids, in Gaucher’s Disease, in Fabry’s Disease; sphingomyelin in Niemann-Pick Disease. I mean, these diseases all have the names of the physicians who described them but there was a whole mysterious chapter of pathology and literally, from one day to the other, the whole thing was clarified. Of course it needed many investigations by a number of really very good biochemists, mostly in the United States, to actually identify the missing enzyme and… clarifying the whole field. So that was a major… a major contribution which interestingly was made through the lysosome field by the only one in my group who had actually decided he didn’t want to have anything to do with them, but that’s life.